About Operating System

Que:- Define the Operating System.

Ans:- An operating system is a group of program that manages co-ordinates and controls the actions of the computer hardware and software.

Que:- What is the function of an Operating System.

Ans:- An OS proceed as an interface between the user and the computer. It act as the manager of the property of the computer.

Que:- Write the functions of an Operating System.

Ans:- 

• Memory Management.
• Processor management.
• Interrupt Handling.
• Accounting.
• Automatic job sequencing.
• Management and control of I/O devices 

Que:- What is the necessitate for an Operating System? 

Ans:- A medium is desired to communicate between the user and the H/W. An OS acts as a medium of interface.

Que:- What are the characteristics of an OS.

Ans:- 

• User affable.
• Preserve track of the status of EACH RESOURCE.
• Allows share of resources (H/W and S/W).
• Provides adequate security.
• Security. 

Que:- What is a process?

Ans:- A process is mainly a program in execution. It is the component of work in a present operating system.

Que:- What is meant by a process state?

Ans:- When a process carries out, it changes, its position, this is recognized as process state.

Que:- What are the different process states?

Ans:- The diverse process states are:-

• New
•  Ready
• Running
• Waiting
• Terminated

Que:- How does a process fluctuate from a job?

Ans:- A process is an active body with a program counter identifying the next instructions to perform and a set to associated resources, whereas a batch system executes jobs. (This is a collection of processes).

Que:- Differentiate program and a process?

Ans:- A process is a program in implementation. A program is a passive unit,

Where as a process is an active unit.

Que:- What is Process Control Block?

Ans:- Every process is represented in the operating system by a process control Block (PCB) also called a task control block.

Que:- What is the function of a Process Control Block?

Ans:- A Process Control Block (PCB) encloses several pieces of information related with a specific process. It serves as the warehouse for any information that may vary from process to process.

Que:- What is the information restricted in a PCB?

Ans:- A PCB contains section of information related with a specific process, namely:-

• Process state
• Program counter
• CPU register
• CPU scheduling information
• Memory management information
• Accounting information
• I/O status information

Que:- What are the operations on process?

Ans:- 

• Create a process
• Destroy a process
• Defer a process
• Resume a process
• Change the priority of a process
• Block a process
• Stir a process
• Transmit a process
• Enable a process to communicate with another

Que:- What are the operations concerned in creating a process?

Ans:- 

• Name the process.
• Insert it in the system’s known processes list (or) process table.
• Establish the process’s initial precedence.
• Produce the process control block.
• Allocate the process’s initial resource.

Que:- What is the kernel of an operating system?

Ans:- Kernel is the ingredient of the OS which directly creates interface with the hardware system.

Que:- What are the main functions of the kernel?

Ans:- To make available mechanism for:-

• Formation and erasure of processes.
• Inter process communication.
• Management of processes.

Que:- What are the components of an Operating System?

Ans:- Operating System which is a set of programs is of 2 types:-

• Control program.
• Supervisory program.       

Que:- What is multi programming?

Ans:- The facility of observance several jobs in the memory at one time, where the CPU is switched back and forth along with them are known as Multi programming.

Que:- What is the use of Multi Programming?

Ans:- Multi programming helps to augment CPU consumption, and to reduce the total time required to execute the jobs.

Que:- Demonstrate the factors that generally conclude the degree of Multi Programming.

Ans:- 

• The number of Programs exists in Primary memory.
• Passing of the control of the CPU hurriedly among these programs.
• Security of user process from one another. 

Que:- What is the remuneration of Multi Programming?

Ans:-  

• Look up the System Performance.
• Consent to Time Sharing.
• Supports many instantaneous interactive users. 

Que:- Clarify, what is Multi Processing?

Ans:- Multiprocessing is utilized of two or more central processing units inside a single computer system. The phrase also refers to the capacity of a system to sustain more than one processor and/or the capacity to distribute tasks among them.

Que:- What is the benefit of Multi Processing Systems?

Ans:- A Multi Processing System is one in which there are additional than one CPU, interleaved with each other.  Thus it assists in improving the capacity of work done.

Que:- What are the categories of Multi Processing?

Ans:-  

• Symmetric Multi Processing.
• Asymmetric Multi Processing. 

Que:- What is Symmetric Multi Processing?

Ans:-  It is one in which each processor runs a one and the same copy of the operating system and these copies correspond with one another as required.

Que:- What is Asymmetric Multi Processing?

Ans:-  It is one in which each processor is allocated a precise task.  A Master Processor controls the system and the other Processors are owed job by the Master Processor.

Que:- What is Time Sharing?

Ans:- Time Sharing (Multi tasking) is a consistent extension of Multi Programming.  It is a form of Multi Programmed OS which operates in an interactive mode with rapid reaction time.

Que:- Clarify the concept of Time Sharing?

Ans:- Multiple Jobs are performed by the CPU switching between them, but the switches happen so repeatedly that the users may interrelate with each program even as it is running.

Que:- What is the advantage of Time Sharing?

Ans:- A Time Sharing system allocates many users to concurrently allocate the computer resources.

Que:- Describe the Real Time System.

Ans:- It is another form of operating system which is used in environments where a large number of events frequently external to the computer system must be conventional and processed in a short time or within convinced deadlines.

Que:- Give some examples of Real Time Application.

Ans:- Examples are:-

• Flight Control.
• Real Time Simulation.
• Military Application.
• Petroleum Refinery.
• Process Control etc. 

Que:- What is On-Line Processing?

Ans:- Transferring the contents from the input directly on to the CPU and relocate the processed contents onto the printer is On-Line Processing.

Que:- Explain Off-Line Processing?

Ans:- Rather than the CPU reading directly from the input, copying the content into CPU and PROCESS.

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